Treaty with The Shawnee
May 10, 1854
Articles of agreement and convention made and concluded
at the city of Washington, this tenth day of May, one thousand
eight hundred and fifty-four, by George W. Manypenny, as commissioner
on the part of the United States, and the following-named
delegates, representing the bands of Shawnees who were parties
to the treaties of seventh of November, one thousand eight
hundred and twenty-five, and eighth of August, one thousand
eight hundred and thirty-one, viz: Joseph Parks, Black Hoof,
George McDougal, Longtail, George Blue Jacket, Graham Rogers,
Wa-wah-che-pa-e-kar, or Black Bob, and Henry Blue Jacket,
they being thereto duly authorized by the now united tribe
of said Shawnee Indians.
Article 1.
The Shawnee tribe of Indians hereby cede and convey to the
United States, all the tract of country lying west of the
State of Missouri, which was designated and set apart for
the Shawnees in fulfilment of, and pursuant to, the second
and third articles of a convention made between William Clark,
superintendent of Indian affairs, and the chiefs and head-men
of the Shawnee Nation of Indians, at St. Louis, on the seventh
day of November, one thousand eight hundred and twenty-five,
which said tract was conveyed to said tribe, (subject to the
right secured by the second article of the treaty made at
Wapaghkonetta, on the eighth day August, one thousand eight
hundred and thirty-one,) by John Tyler, President of the United
States, by deed bearing date the eleventh day of May, one
thousand eight hundred and forty-four - said tract being described
by metes and bounds as follows: "Beginning at a point in the
western boundary of the State of Missouri, three miles south
of where said boundary crosses the mouth of Kansas River,
thence continuing south and coinciding with said boundary
for twenty-five miles; thence due west one hundred and twenty
miles; thence due north, until said line shall intersect the
southern boundary of the Kansas reservation; thence due east,
coinciding with the southern boundary of said reservation,
to the termination thereof; thence due north, coinciding with
the eastern boundary of said reservation, to the southern
shore of the Kansas River; thence along said southern shore
of said river, to where a line from the place of beginning
drawn due west, shall intersect the same" - estimated to
contain sixteen hundred thousand acres, more or less.
Article 2.
The United States hereby cede to the Shawnee Indians two
hundred thousand acres of land, to be selected between the
Missouri State line, and a line parallel thereto, and west
of the same, thirty miles distant; which parallel line shall
be drawn from the Kansas River, to the southern boundary-line
of the country herein ceded; Provided, however, That the few
families of Shawnees who now reside on their own improvements
in the ceded country west of said parallel line, many, if
they desire to remain, select there, the same quantity of
land for each individual of such family, which is hereinafter
provided for those Shawnees residing east of said parallel
line - the said selection, in every case, being so made as
to include the present improvement of each family or individual.
Of the lands lying east of the parallel line aforesaid, there
shall first be set apart to the Missionary Society of the
Methodist Episcopal Church South, to include the improvements
of the Indian manual-labor school, three sections of land;
to the Friends' Shawnee labor-school, including the improvements
there, three hundred and twenty acres of land; and to the
American Baptist Missionary Union, to include the improvements
where the superintendent of their school now resides, one
hundred and sixty acres of land; also five acres of land to
the Shawnee Methodist Church, including the meeting-house
and graveyard; and two acres of land to the Shawnee Baptist
Church, including the meeting-house and graveyard. All the
land selected, as herein provided, west of said parallel line,
and that set apart to the respective societies for schools,
and to the churches before named, shall be considered as part
of the two hundred thousand acres reserved by the Shawnees.
All Shawnees residing east of said parallel line shall be
entitled to, out of the residue of said two hundred thousand
acres, if a single person, two hundred acres, and if the head
of a family, a quantity equal to two hundred acres for each
member of his or her family - to include, in every case, the
improvement on which such person or family now resides; and
if two or more persons or families occupy the same improvement,
or occupy different improvements in such close proximity,
that all of such persons or families cannot have the quantity
of land (to include their respective improvements) which they
are entitled to, and if in such cases the parties should be
unable to make an amicable arrangement among themselves, the
oldest occupant or settler shall have the right to locate
his tract so as to include said improvements, and the others
must make a selection elsewhere, adjoining some Shawnee settlement;
and in every such case, the person or family retaining the
improvement shall pay those leaving it for the interest of
the latter therein - the value of the same to be fixed, when
the parties cannot agree thereupon, by such tribunal, and
in such mode, as may be prescribed by the Shawnee council,
with the consent of the United States agent for that tribe.
The privilege of selecting lands, under this provision, shall
extend to every head of a family, who, although not a Shawnee,
may have been legally married to a Shawnee, according to the
customs of that people, and adopted by them; and to all minor
orphan children of Shawnees, and of persons who have been
adopted as Shawnees, who shall not have received their shares
with any family; and all incompetent persons shall have selections
made for them adjacent, or as near as practicable, to their
friends or relatives, which selections shall be made by some
disinterested person or persons, appointed by the Shawnee
council, and approved by the United States agent. In the settlement
known as Black Bob's settlement, in which he has an improvement,
whereon he resides; and in that known as Long Tail's
settlement, in which he has an improvement whereon he resides,
there are a number of Shawnees who desire to hold their lands
in common; it is therefore agreed that all Shawnees, including
the persons adopted as aforesaid, and incompetent persons,
and minor orphan children, who reside in said settlements
respectively, and all who shall, within sixty days after the
approval of the surveys hereinafter provided for, signify
to the United States agent their election to join either of
said communities and reside with them, shall have a quantity
of land assigned and set off to them, in a compact body, at
each of the settlements aforesaid, equal to two hundred acres
to every individual in each of said communities. A census
of the Shawnees residing at each of these settlements, and
of the minor orphan children of their kindred, and of those
electing to reside in said communities, shall be taken by
the United States agent for the Shawnees, in order that a
quantity of land equal to two hundred acres for each person
may be set off and allotted them, to hold in common as aforesaid.
After all the Shawnees, and other persons herein provided
for, shall have received their shares of the two hundred thousand
acres of land reserved, it is anticipated that there will
still be a residue; and as there are some Shawnees who have
been for years separated from the tribe, it is agreed that
whatever surplus remains, after provision is made for all
present members of the tribe, shall be set apart, in one body
of land, in compact form, under the direction of the President
of the United States; and all such Shawnees as return to,
and unite with the tribe, within five years from the proclamation
of this instrument, shall be entitled to the same quantity
of lands, out of said surplus, and in the same manner, and
subject to the same limitations and provisions, as are hereinbefore
made for those now members of the said tribe; and whatever
portion of said surplus remains unassigned, after the expiration
of said five years, shall be sold as hereinafter provided,
- the proceeds of all such sales shall be retained in the
Treasury of the United States until the expiration of ten
years from the proclamation of this instrument, after which
time, should said absent Shawnees not have returned and united
with the tribe, all the moneys then in the Treasury, or that
may thereafter be received therein, as proceeds of the sales
of such surplus land, shall be applied to, or invested for,
such beneficial or benevolent objects among the Shawnees,
as the President of the United States, after consulting with
the Shawnee council, shall determine, - and should any such
absent Shawnees return and unite with said tribe, after the
expiration of the period of five years hereinbefore mentioned,
and before the expiration of the said period of ten years,
the proper portion of any of said residue of lands that then
may remain unsold shall be assigned to such persons; and if
all said lands have been disposed of, an equitable payment
in money shall be made to them out of the proceeds of the
said sales. The aforesaid assignments and selections of lands
in the tract lying between the Missouri State-line and the
said parallel line, shall be made within ninety days after
the approval of the survey of said tract, and if there be
any individuals recognized as at present entitled to lands
therein, under the provisions of this article, who shall not
have selected, or had selected for them, within said ninety
days, their proper shares of land, the Shawnee council shall
select one or more disinterested persons, who shall, immediately
after the expiration of such ninety days, make selections
of lands for them, in the same manner, and subject to the
same restrictions, as hereinbefore provided for minor orphan
children, not members of a family, and for incompetent persons.
And those residing on improvements west of the said parallel
line, shall, within sixty days after the approval of the survey
of the lands on which they live, make the selections of lands
as, and to the amount, they are hereinbefore authorized to
do. It is agreed that all the tracts of land in this article
assigned, or provided to be assigned or selected, shall be
assigned and selected according to the legal subdivisions
of United States lands, and according to the laws of the United
States respecting the entry of public lands, so far as said
laws are applicable; and no portion of this instrument shall
be so construed as to nullify or impair this stipulation.
And the said Indians hereby cede, relinquish, and convey to
the United States, all tracts or parcels of land which may
be sold, or are required to be sold in pursuance of any article
of this instrument.
Article 3.
In consideration of the cession and sale herein made, the
United States agree to pay to the Shawnee people, the sum
of eight hundred and twenty-nine thousand dollars, in manner
as follows, viz: Forty thousand dollars to be invested by
the United States, at a rate of interest not less than five
per centum per annum, which, as it accrues, is to be applied
to the purposes of education; that amount, with the addition
of the three thousand dollars of perpetual annuities provided
by the treaties of August third, one thousand seven hundred
and ninety-five, and September twenty-ninth, one thousand
eight hundred and seventeen, and now hereby agreed to be likewise
so applied, together with the sum to be paid by the Missionary
Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church South, as hereinafter
provided, being deemed by the Shawnees as sufficient, for
the present, for such purposes. Seven hundred thousand dollars,
to be paid in seven equal annual installments, during the
month of October of each year, commencing with the year one
thousand eight hundred and fifty-four; and the residue of
eighty-nine thousand dollars, to be paid within the same month
of the year, after the termination of that period.
Article 4.
Those of the Shawnees who may elect to live in common shall
hereafter be permitted, if they so desire, to make separate
selections within the bounds of the tract which may have been
assigned to them in common; and such selections shall be made
in all respects in conformity with the rule herein provided
to govern those who shall, in the first instance, make separate
selections.
Article 5.
The lands heretofore described lying between the Missouri
State-line, and the parallel line thirty miles west of it,
as soon after the ratification of this instrument as can conveniently
be done, shall be surveyed, in the same manner as the public
lands of the United States are surveyed, the expenses thereof
to be borne by the Shawnees and the United States in due proportion;
and no white persons or citizens shall be permitted to make
locations or settlements within said limits, until after all
the lands shall have been surveyed, and the Shawnees shall
have made their selections and locations, and the President
shall have set apart the surplus.
Article 6.
The grants of land above made to missionary societies and
churches, shall be subject to these conditions: The grant
to the Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church
South, at the Indian manual-labor school, shall be confirmed
to said society, or to such person or persons as may be designated
by it, by patent, from the President of the United States,
upon the allowance to the Shawnees, by said society, of ten
thousand dollars, to be applied to the education of their
youth; which it has agreed to make. The grants for the schools
established by the Baptists and Friends, shall be held by
their respective boards of missions, so long as those schools
shall be kept by them - when no longer used for such purpose
by said boards, the lands, with the improvements, shall, under
the direction of the President, be sold at public sale, to
the highest bidder, upon such terms as he may prescribe, the
proceeds to be applied by the Shawnees to such general beneficial
and charitable purposes as they may wish: Provided, That the
improvements shall be valued, and the valuation deducted from
the proceeds of sale, and returned to said boards respectively.
Article 7.
Inasmuch as Joseph Parks and Black Hoof, who have in times
past rendered important services to the Shawnee Nation, would
not, by reason of the small number of persons in their families,
be entitled under the provisions of Article 2 to a quantity
of land equal to that which will be generally received by
the other members of the tribe, it is agreed, at the request
of the Shawnees, that Joseph Parks, in lieu of the land which
he would have a right to select under the provisions of Article
2, shall have a quantity of land equal to two sections, or
twelve hundred and eighty acres, to include his present residence
and improvement; and Black Hoof, in lieu of that which he
would have a right to select as aforesaid, shall have a quantity
of land equal to one section, or six hundred and forty acres,
to include his present residence and improvement; and they
shall make selections of the land hereby granted them in the
same manner and subject to the same limitations as are prescribed
in Article 2, for such as shall make separate selections,
in severalty, under the provisions thereof.
Article 8.
Such of the Shawnees as are competent to manage their affairs
shall receive their portions of the aforementioned annual
instalments in money. But the portions of such as shall be
found incompetent to manage their affairs, whether from drunkenness,
depravity, or other cause, shall be disposed of by the President
in that manner deemed by him best calculated to promote their
interests and the comfort of their families, the Shawnee council
being first consulted with respect to such persons, whom it
is expected they will designate to their agent. The portions
of orphan children shall be appropriated by the President
in the manner deemed by him best for their interests.
Article 9.
Congress may hereafter provide for the issuing, to such of
the Shawnees as may make separate selections, patents for
the same, with such guards and restrictions as may seem advisable
for their protection therein.
Article 10.
No portion of the money stipulated by this instrument to
be paid to the Shawnees, shall be taken by the Government
of the United States, by its agent or otherwise, to pay debts
contracted by the Shawnees, as private individuals; nor any
part thereof for the payment of national debts or obligations
contracted by the Shawnee chiefs or council; Provided, That
this article shall not be construed to prohibit the council
from setting apart a portion of any annual payment, for purposes
strictly national in their character, and for the payment
of national or tribal debts, first to be approved by the President.
Article 11.
It being represented that many of the Shawnees have sustained
damage in the loss and destruction of their crops, stock,
and other property, and otherwise, by reason of the great
emigration which has for several years passed through their
country, and of other causes, in violation, as they allege,
of guaranties made for their protection by the United States,
it is agreed that there shall be paid, in consideration thereof,
to the Shawnees, the sum of twenty-seven thousand dollars,
which shall be taken and considered in full satisfaction,
not only of such claim, but of all others of what kind soever,
and in release of all demands and stipulations arising under
former treaties, with the exception of the perpetual annuities,
amounting to three thousand dollars, hereinbefore named, and
which are set apart and appropriated in the third article
hereof. All Shawnees who have sustained damage by the emigration
of citizens of the United States, or by other acts of such
citizens, shall, within six months after the ratification
of this treaty, file their claims for such damages with the
Shawnee agent, to be submitted by him to the Shawnee council
for their action and decision and the amount in each case
approved shall be paid by said agent: Provided, The whole
amount of claims thus approved, shall not exceed the said
sum stipulated for in this article: And provided, That if
such amount shall exceed that sum then a reduction shall be
made, pro rata, from each claim until the aggregate is lowered
to that amount. If less than that amount be adjudged to be
due, the residue, it is agreed, shall be appropriated as the
council shall direct.
Article 12.
If, from causes not now foreseen, this instrument should
prove insufficient for the advancement and protection of the
welfare and interest of the Shawnees, Congress may hereafter,
by law make such further provision, not inconsistent herewith,
as experience may prove to be necessary to promote the interests,
peace, and happiness of the Shawnee people.
Article 13.
It is agreed that all roads and highways, laid out by authority
of the law, shall have a right of way through any of the reserved,
assigned, and selected lands, on the same terms that the law
provides for their location through the lands of citizens
of the United States; and railroad companies, when the lines
of their roads necessarily pass through any of said lands,
shall have the right of way, on payment of a just compensation
therefor in money
Article 14.
The Shawnees acknowledge their dependence on the Government
of the United States, and invoke its protection and care.
They will abstain from the commission of depredations, and
comply, as far as they are able, with the laws in such cases
made and provided, as they will expect to be protected, and
to have their rights vindicated.
Article 15.
The Shawnees agree to suppress the use of ardent spirits
among their people, and to resist, by all prudent means, its
introduction into their settlements.
Article 16.
The United States reserve, at the site of the agency-house
in the Shawnee country, including the improvements, one hundred
and sixty acres of land.
Article 17.
The foregoing instrument shall be obligatory on the contracting
parties, as soon as the same shall be ratified by the President
and the Senate of the United States.
In testimony whereof, the said George W. Manypenny, commissioner
aforesaid, and the undersigned delegates representing the
bands of Shawnees who were parties to the treaties of seventh
November, one thousand eight hundred and twenty-five, and
eighth of August, one thousand eight hundred and thirty-one,
have hereunto set their hands and seals, at the place, and
on the day and year, first hereinbefore written.
- George W. Manypenny, Commissioner. [L. S.]
- Joseph Parks, his x mark. [L. S.]
- Black Hoof, his x mark. [L. S.]
- George McDougal, his x mark. [L. S.]
- Longtail, his x mark. [L. S.]
- George Blue Jacket, his x mark. [L. S.]
- Grayham Rogers, [L. S.]
- Wa-wah-che-pa-e-kar, Or Black Bob, his x mark. [L. S.]
- Henry Blue Jacket, his x mark. [L. S.]
Executed in presence of -
- Charles Calvert,
- Benjamin S. Love,
- Holmes Colbert,
- James Lindsey,
- Alfred Chapman,
- Wm. B. Waugh,
- B. F. Robinson, Indian agent,
- Chas. Blue Jacket, United States interpreter.
We the undersigned chiefs, Councillors, and head men of the
United tribe of Shawnee Indians, on behalf of said united
tribe, now in full council assembled, having had fully explained
to us the amendments made on the 2d of August, 1854, by the
Senate of the United States, to the articles of agreement
and convention which were concluded at the City of Washington,
on the 10th day of May, 1854, between George W. Manypenny,
as Commissioner on the part of the United States, and Joseph
Parks, Black Hoof, George McDougal, Longtail, George Blue
Jacket, Graham Rogers, Wa-wah-che-pa-e-kar,-or Black Bob,
and Henry Blue Jacket, delegates representing the bands of
Skawnees who were parties to the treaties of Nov. 7th, 1825,
and of August 8th, 1831, and which bands compose the now united
band assembled,
Which are in the following words, viz:
AMENDMENTS.
Article 1.
Strike out the following words:
"Excepting and reserving therefrom two hundred thousand acres
for homes for the Shawnee people, which said two hundred thousand
acres is retained, as well for the benefit of those Shawnees,
parties to the treaty of August 8th, 1831, as for those parties
to the treaty of November 7, 1825."
Article 2.
Strike out the following words where the[y] first occur:
"The two hundred thousand acres of land reserved by the
Shawnees, shall" and insert the following in lieu thereof:
The United States hereby cede to the Shawnee Indians two
hundred thousand acres of land to be
Article 10.
Strike out the word "small," and after the word "character"
insert the following:
And for the payment of national or tribal debts - - do hereby
accept and consent to the said amendments to the articles
of agreement and convention aforesaid, and agree that the
same shall be considered as a part thereof. But this assent
is given on the condition that neither the present, or any
future council, shall ever make provision for the pretended
claims of R. W. Thompson, of Indiana, George C. Johnson, of
Ohio, or Ewing and Clymer: and upon the further condition
that no national or tribal obligations shall ever be made
by the council to pay the debts of individual Shawnees to
traders or other persons.
In testimony whereof, we have hereunto set our hands and
affixed our seals, this 21st day of August, A. D. 1854.
- Joseph Parks, his x mark [L. S.]
- Henry Blue Jacket, his x mark [L. S.]
- Graham Rogers, his x mark [L. S.]
- Matthew King, his x mark [L. S.]
- Paschal Fish, his x mark [L. S.]
- Joseph Flint, his x mark [L. S.]
- Lewis Dougherty, his x mark [L. S.]
- Joseph Day, his x mark [L. S.]
- Silverheels, his x mark [L. S.]
- Black Wolf, his x mark [L. S.]
- Greyfeather, his x mark [L. S.]
- Joseph Dougherty, his x mark [L. S.]
- George Francis, his x mark [L. S.]
- Wilson Rogers, his x mark [L. S.]
- Pacutsekah, his x mark [L. S.]
- Kakwekah, his x mark [L. S.]
- David Deshane, his x mark, [L. S.]
- Morris, his x mark, [L. S.]
- John Flint, his x mark [L. S.]
- Tucker, his x mark [L. S.]
- James Sucket, his x mark [L. S.]
- Tooly, his x mark [L. S.]
- Silas Dougherty, his x mark [L. S.]
- Jackson Rogers, his x mark [L. S.]
- Joseph White, his x mark [L. S.]
- John Parks, his x mark [L. S.]
- David Dushane, his x mark [L. S.]
- Levi Flint, his x mark [L. S.]
- Neona, his x mark [L. S.]
- William Shoto, his x mark [L. S.]
- George Flint, his x mark [L. S.]
- John Shane, his x mark [L. S.]
- Jackson Wheeler, his x mark [L. S.]
- Bill Littletail, his x mark, [L. S.]
- George McDougal, his x mark, [L. S.]
Executed in presence of us, Augt. 21, 1854 -
- Richard C. Meek,
- A. S. Johnson,
- Thomas S. Lewis,
- Luther M. Carter,
- Charles Blue Jacket, United States interpreter.
I do hereby certify that the foregoing instrument of writing
was fully explained by me to the Shawnee tribe of Indians,
in council assembled, on the day and year last above written,
and that they did accept and consent to the said foregoing
instrument of writing, and subscribed their names and affixed
their seals thereto, in my presence.
Given under my hand this 22d day of Aug., 1854.
- B. F. Robinson, Indian Agent for the Kansas Agency.
Whereas the Shawnee Indians in full council assembled did,
on the 21st day of August, 1854, assent to the amendments
of the Senate of the 2d of August, 1854, to the Articles of
Agreement and Convention, concluded between them and the United
States on the 10th of May, 1854, which assent was coupled
with conditions as follows: "But this assent is given on the
condition that neither the present or any future council shall
ever make provision for the pretended claims of R. W. Thompson
of Indiana, George C. Johnson of Ohio, or Ewing and Clymer;
and upon the further condition, that no national or tribal
obligations shall ever be made by the council to pay the debts
of individual Shawnees to traders or other persons." And whereas
the Secretary of the Department of the Interior, having in
his letter of September 12th, 1854, to the Superintendent
of Indian Affairs at St. Louis, expressed the opinion that
the above-named conditions were of such a character as to
require the constitutional action of the Senate, before the
treaty could be proclaimed or executed. And whereas the said
Shawnee Indians are now in full council assembled to take
into consideration the suggestion or advice of the Secretary
of the Interior that the assent to said amendments should
be unconditional. Therefore, we the chiefs, councillors, and
head men of said tribe, in their behalf, and by their direction,
and in review of the suggestions in the letter of the Secretary
of the Interior, do rescind the said conditions, and hereby
assent to the said amendments, and unconditionally accept
and consent to the same.
In testimony whereof we have hereunto set our hands and affixed
our seals, this 28th day of September, 1854.
- Joseph Parks, his x mark, [L. S.]
- George McDougal, his x mark, [L. S.]
- Black Hoof, his x mark, [L. S.]
- Henry Blue Jacket, his x mark, [L. S.]
- Graham Rogers, hix x mark, [L. S.]
- Mathew King, his x mark, [L. S.]
- Paschal Fish, his x mark, [L. S.]
- Joseph Flint, his x mark, [L. S.]
- Joseph Hay, his x mark, [L. S.]
- Wilson Rogers, his x mark, [L. S.]
- Longtail, his x mark, [L. S.]
- George Blue Jacket, his x mark, [L. S.]
- Pa-ket-se-cha, his x mark, [L. S.]
- John Flint, his x mark, [L. S.]
- Tucker, his x mark, [L. S.]
- James Sucket, his x mark, [L. S.]
- Toola, his x mark, [L. S.]
- Jackson Rogers, his x mark, [L. S.]
- Joseph White, his x mark, [L. S.]
- John Parks, his x mark, [L. S.]
- David Deshane, his x mark, [L. S.]
- Levi Flint, his x mark, [L. S.]
- Neona, his x mark, [L. S.]
- George Flint, his x mark, [L. S.]
- John Shane, his x mark, [L. S.]
- David Deshane, his x mark, [L. S.]
- Morris, his x mark, [L. S.]
- Little Tom, his x mark, [L. S.]
- John Ham, his x mark, [L. S.]
- William Barber, his x mark, [L. S.]
- White Deer, his x mark, [L. S.]
- Big Jim, his x mark, [L. S.]
- James McLane, his x mark, [L. S.]
- Qwaper, his x mark, [L. S.]
- Ka-ka, his x mark, [L. S.]
- John Whitefeather, his x mark, [L. S.]
- Qwelena, his x mark, [L. S.]
- Simon Harvey, his x mark, [L. S.]
- George Big Knife, his x mark, [L. S.]
- Charles Fish, his x mark, [L. S.]
- Possum, his x mark, [L. S.]
- James Kizen, his x mark, [L. S.]
- Te-la-so, his x mark. [L. S.]
- John Teenmosa, his x mark, [L. S.]
- John Francis, his x mark, [L. S.]
Executed in presence of us, this 28th September, 1854 -
- J. W. Whitfield, Indian agent Upper Platte,
- A. S. Johnson,
- Charles Blue Jacket, United States interpreter.
I do hereby certify that the foregoing instrument of writing
was fully explained by me, to the Shawnee tribe of Indians
in council assembled,
on the 28th day of September, 1854, and that they did accept
and consent to the said foregoing instrument of writing, and
subscribed their names and affixed their seals thereto, in
my presence, on the day and year last aforesaid.
Given under my hand this 11th day of October, 1854.
- B. F. Robinson, Indian Agent.
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