Treaty with The Quapaw
May 13, 1833
Articles of agreement or a treaty between the United States
and the Quapaw Indians entered into by John F. Schermerhorn,
commissioner of Indian affairs west on the part of the United
States and the chiefs and warriors of the Quapaw Indians.
WHEREAS, by the treaty between the United States and the
Quapaw Indians, concluded November 15th, 1824, they ceded
to the United States all their lands in the Territory of Arkansas,
and according to which they were "to be concentrated
and confined to a district of country inhabited by the Caddo
Indians and form a part of said tribe," and whereas they
did remove according to the stipulations of said treaty, and
settled on the Bayou Treache on the south side of Red River,
on a tract of land given them by the Caddo Indians, but which
was found subject to frequent inundations on account of the
raft on Red River, and where their crops were destroyed by
the water year after year, and which also proved to be a very
sickly country and where in a short time, nearly one-fourth
of their people died, and whereas they could obtain no other
situation from the Caddoes and they refused to incorporate
them and receive them as a constituent part of their tribe
as contemplated by their treaty with the United States, and
as they saw no alternative but to perish if they continued
there, or to return to their old residence on the Arkansas,
they therefore chose the latter; and whereas they now find
themselves very unhappily situated in consequence of having
their little improvements taken from them by the settlers
of the country; and being anxious to secure a permanent and
peaceable home the following articles or treaty are agreed
upon between the United States and the Quapaw Indians by John
F. Schermerhorn - commissioners of Indian affairs west and
the chiefs and warriors of said Quapaw Indians this (13th)
thirteenth day of May 1833. -
Article I.
The Quapaw Indians hereby relinquish and convey to the United
States all their right and title to the lands given them by
the Caddo Indians on the Bayou Treache of Red River. -
Article II.
The United States hereby agree to convey to the Quapaw Indians
one hundred and fifty sections of land west of the State line
of Missouri and between the lands of the Senecas and Shawnees,
not heretofore assigned to any other tribe of Indians, the
same to be selected and assigned by the commissioners of Indian
affairs west, and which is expressly designed to be [in] lieu
of their location on Red River and to carry into effect the
treaty of 1824, in order to provide a permanent home for their
nation; the United States agree to convey the same by patent,
to them and their descendants as long as they shall exist
as a nation or continue to reside thereon, and they also agree
to protect them in their new residence, against all interruption
or disturbance from any other tribe or nation of Indians or
from any other person or persons whatever.
Article III.
Whereas it is the policy of the United States in all their
intercourse with the Indians to treat them liberally as well
as justly, and to endeavour to promote their civilization
and prosperity; it is further agreed that in consideration
of the important and extensive cessions of lands made by the
Quapaws to the United States and in view of their present
impoverished and wretched condition, they shall be removed
to their new homes at the expense of the United States and
that they will supply them with one year's provision
from the time of their removal, which shall be as soon as
they receive notice of the ratification of this treaty by
the President and Senate of the United States. The United
States will also furnish and deliver to them, after their
arrival at their new homes, one hundred cows, one hundred
breeding hogs, one hundred sheep, ten yoke of working cattle,
twenty-five ploughs, one hundred axes, one hundred hoes, four
ox carts, and one wagon, with all their necessary rigging,
twenty iron hand cornmills, tools of different descriptions
to the amount of two hundred dollars, also looms, wheels,
reels and wool-cards to the amount of two hundred dollars,
one hundred blankets, fifty rifles, and five shot guns all
with flint locks, ten kegs of powder, and six hundred pounds
of lead; The United States agree to provide a farmer to reside
with them and to aid and instruct them in their agricultural
pursuits and a blacksmith to do their necessary work, with
a shop and tools and iron and steel not exceeding one ton
per year. The United States also agree to appropriate one
thousand dollars per year for education purposes to be expended
under the direction of the President of the United States;
the farmer and blacksmith and the above appropriation for
education purposes to be continued only as long as the President
of the United States deems necessary for the best interests
of the Indians.
Article IV.
It is hereby mutually agreed upon between the parties respectively
to this treaty, that in lieu of and in full consideration
of their present annuities perpetual and limited, the United
States will pay the debts of the Quapaw Indians according
to the annexed schedule to the amount of four thousand one
hundred and eighty dollars provided they can be discharged
in full for that amount. They will also expend to the amount
of one thousand dollars in hiring suitable labourers to build
and aid them in erecting comfortable cabins and houses to
live in; and also that they will pay them annually two thousand
dollars for twenty years from the ratification of this treaty,
and that out of said annuity there shall be allowed to their
four principal chiefs, Hackatton, Sarassan, Tonnonjinka and
Kaheketteda, and to their successors each, in addition to
their distributive share of said annuity, the sum of fifty
dollars per year.
ARTICLE V.
It is hereby agreed, and expressly understood, that this
treaty is only supplementary to the treaty of 1824, and designed
to carry into effect the views of the United States in providing
a permanent and comfortable home for the Quapaw Indians; and
also that all the stock and articles furnished the Indians
by the United States as expressed in the fourth article shall
be under the care and direction of the agent and farmer of
said tribe, to see that the same is not squandered or sold,
or any of the stock slain by the Indians, until such time
as the natural increase of the stock will warrant the same
to be done without destroying the whole, and thus defeating
the benevolent views of the Government in making this provision
for them.
Article VI.
The United States also agrees to employ an interpreter to
accompany them on their removal and the same to continue with
them during the pleasure of the President of the United States
- The above treaty shall be binding on the United States whenever
ratified and approved by the President and Senate of the United
States. -
- John F. Schermerhorn,
- Hackatton chief, his x mark,
- Sarrasin chief, his x mark,
- Taunoujinka chief, his x mark,
- Kaheketteda chief, his x mark,
- Monehunka, his x mark,
- Kunkadaquene, his x mark,
- Wattekiane, his x mark,
- Hadaskamonene, his x mark,
- Hummonene, his x mark,
- Hikaguedotton, his x mark,
- Moussockane, his x mark.
The above treaty was signed in open council, in the presence of -
- Richard M. Hannum, S. A.
- Antoine Barraque,
- James W. Walker,
- Frederick Saugrain,
- John D. Shaw,
- Joseph Duchasin, interpreter.
The amount due from the Quapaw tribe of Indians to the following named persons -
- Frederic Notrabe $567.00
- Joseph Dardene $300.00
- Ignace Bogy $170.00
- Alexander Dickerson $28.00
- William Montgomery $350.00
- Joseph Bonne $30.00
- Joseph Duchasin $30.00
- Baptiste Bonne $20.00
- Antoine Barraque $2,235.00
- George W. Boyer $50.00
- Weylon King $400.00
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Native American Legends A-B